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Item Дослідження загальної антиоксидантної здатності червоногопагони малини ( Rubus idaeous L. ).(Антіокійський університетМедельїн, КолумбіяФіліації1, 2023-04-22) Олександр Маслов, Микола Комісаренко, Микола Голік, Сергій Колісник, ОксанаТкаченко, Юлія Колісник, Сергій Баюрка, Світлана Карпушина, Олександр АлтуховBackground: Today, cardiovascular, oncological, and neurodegenerative diseases are the main causes of death in the world, according to official World Health Organization (WHO) statistics. Antioxidants are used to treat and prevent these diseases. In order to develop optimal technology for obtaining drugs based on plant extracts with antioxidant action, it is necessary to determine the total antioxidant capacity of raspberry shoots. Objectives: The study aimed to determine the total antioxidant capacity of red raspberry shoots, study the content of biologically active substances (BAS), and the antioxidant activity of red raspberry shoot extracts obtained during subsequent exhaustive extraction. Methods: The number of phenolic compounds, catechins, flavonoids, and hydroxycinnamic acids was determined by a spectrophotometric analysis method, whereas organic acids were determined by the alkalimetric method in red raspberry shoot extracts; the antioxidant activity of obtained extracts was evaluated by potentiometric method. Results: The total antioxidant capacity of red raspberry shoots was 164.12 mmol-equiv./m dry weight, the sum of the total content of phenolic compounds was 24.40 mg gallic acid (GA)/mL, catechins – 21.36 mg epigallocatechin- 3-O-gallate (EGCG)/mL, flavonoids – 0.77 mg rutin (R)/mL, hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives – 2.56 mg chlorogenic acid (ChA)/mL and organic acids – 1.88 mg citric acid (CA)/mL in red raspberry shoot extracts obtained during subsequent exhaustive extraction. The analysis showed that there is a very high positive correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds, catechin, flavonoid, hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives, and organic acids content in red raspberry shoot extracts. Conclusions: Total red raspberry shoots’ antioxidant capacity has been determined. The study results can be used to develop optimal technology for obtaining drugs based on the extract of red raspberry shoots, which has an antioxidant effect.Item Світлій пам’яті учня уманського училища Йозефа Конрадовича Пачоського (27.11.1864–14.02.1942 рр.)(Чернівці: ЧНУ, 2024-12-29) Мамчур ТетянаItem Пам’яті уманського ботаніка Вакар Тетяни Борисівни (01.11.1943–10.05.2010).(Тернопіль: Вектор, 2024-12-30) Мамчур Тетяна, Парубок Маргарита, Фіткаленко МаріяItem Пам’яті доцента Світлани Петрівни Романщак (20 липня 1929 року – 31 липня 2000 року)(Ужгород УНУ, 2024-12-28) Мамчур, Тетяна, Парубок Маргарита, Борейчук ОксанаItem Уманського національного університету садівництва (UM): історія, сьогодення (до 180 річчя започаткування гербарію)(Умань: УНУС, 2024-12-27) Мамчур Тетяна, Карпенко Віктор, Оратівська СвітланаItem Історична гербарна колекція тропічних і субтропічних рослин закритого ґрунту у фондах гербарію Уманського національного університету садівництва (UM)(Тернопіль: Вектор, 2024-12-26) Мамчур ТетянаItem Study of total antioxidant capacity of red raspberry (Rubus idaeous L.) shoots(Антіокійський університет Медельїн, Колумбія, 2023-04-22) Олександр Маслов, Микола Комісаренко, Микола Голік, Сергій Колісник, Оксана Ткаченко, Юлія Колісник, Сергій Баюрка, Світлана Карпушина, Олександр Алтухов; Maslov O., Komisarenko M., Golik M., Kolisnyk S., Tkachenko O., Kolisnyk I., Baiurka S., Karpushina S., Altukhov Aackground: Today, cardiovascular, oncological, and neurodegenerative diseases are the main causes of death in the world, according to official World Health Organization (WHO) statistics. Antioxidants are used to treat and prevent these diseases. In order to develop optimal technology for obtaining drugs based on plant extracts with antioxidant action, it is necessary to determine the total antioxidant capacity of raspberry shoots. Objectives: The study aimed to determine the total antioxidant capacity of red raspberry shoots, study the content of biologically active substances (BAS), and the antioxidant activity of red raspberry shoot extracts obtained during subsequent exhaustive extraction. Methods: The number of phenolic compounds, catechins, flavonoids, and hydroxycinnamic acids was determined by a spectrophotometric analysis method, whereas organic acids were determined by the alkalimetric method in red raspberry shoot extracts; the antioxidant activity of obtained extracts was evaluated by potentiometric method. Results: The total antioxidant capacity of red raspberry shoots was 164.12 mmol-equiv./m dry weight, the sum of the total content of phenolic compounds was 24.40 mg gallic acid (GA)/mL, catechins – 21.36 mg epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (EGCG)/mL, flavonoids – 0.77 mg rutin (R)/mL, hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives – 2.56 mg chlorogenic acid (ChA)/mL and organic acids – 1.88 mg citric acid (CA)/mL in red raspberry shoot extracts obtained during subsequent exhaustive extraction. The analysis showed that there is a very high positive correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds, catechin, flavonoid, hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives, and organic acids content in red raspberry shoot extracts. Conclusions: Total red raspberry shoots’ antioxidant capacity has been determined. The study results can be used to develop optimal technology for obtaining drugs based on the extract of red raspberry shoots, which has an antioxidant effectItem Study of solvent extraction of atomoxetine from aqueous solutions and biological fluids(Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2020) Tomarovska L. Y., Baiurka S. V., Karpushina S. A.This article presents the systematic study of the solvent extraction of an antidepressant Atomoxetine and optimization of the drug isolation methods from blood and urine. The dependence of the extraction recovery of Atomoxetine from aqueous solutions on the type of the organic solvent, pH of the aqueous medium and the presence of a salting-out agent was determined. Сhloroform, methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, tetrachloromethane, benzene, toluene, hexane were tested as organic extragents. The quantitative determination of Atomoxetine was performed by the UV-spectrophotometric method. The maximum extraction recovery value was of 28% at pH of 13 for chloroform. The extraction recovery with diethyl ether at pH of 1-2 was the lowest and equal to 0.2%, that makes possible to recommend this solvent for the extraction purification from co-extractive components of the biological matrix. To increase the extraction recovery sodium chloride and ammonium sulphate were used as salting-out agents. The maximum value of 89% in the extraction recovery of Atomoxetine was obtained for chloroform at pH of 11-12 in the aqueous phase saturation with ammonium sulphate. Recovery values of the solvent drug extraction were of 38.8% (RSD 8.7%) and 69.3% (RSD 6.7%) from blood and urine, respectively. Precipitation of blood cells by trichloroacetic acid (in sample preparation of blood), back-extraction and TLC clean-up step were incorporated into the sample preparation scheme to eliminate the extraction of the matrix components. The results obtained could be used in toxicological study of biological samples for presence of Atomoxetine.Item Дослідження екстракції розчинником атомоксетину з водних розчинів і біологічних рідин(Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2020-09-16) Л.Ю. Томаровська, С. В. Баюрка, С.А. КарпушинаУ статті представлено систематичне дослідження екстракції розчинником антидепресанту атомоксетину та оптимізації методів виділення препарату з крові та сечі. Визначено залежність екстракційного вилучення атомоксетину з водних розчинів від типу органічного розчинника, рН водного середовища та наявності висолювача. В якості органічних екстрагентів досліджено хлороформ, метиленхлорид, 1,2-дихлоретан, діетиловий ефір, етилацетат, тетрахлорметан, бензол, толуол, гексан. Кількісне визначення атомоксетину проводили УФ-спектрофотометричним методом. Максимальне значення відновлення екстракції становило 28% при pH 13 для хлороформу. Відновлення екстракції діетиловим ефіром при рН 1–2 було найменшим і становило 0,2%, що дозволяє рекомендувати цей розчинник для екстракційного очищення від коекстрактивних компонентів біологічної матриці. Для підвищення вилучення в якості висолювачів використовували хлорид натрію та сульфат амонію. Максимальне значення 89% екстракційного відновлення атомоксетину було отримано для хлороформу при рН 11–12 при насиченні водної фази сульфатом амонію. Значення вилучення препарату розчинником становили 38,8% (RSD 8,7%) і 69,3% (RSD 6,7%) з крові та сечі відповідно. Осадження клітин крові трихлороцтовою кислотою (при підготовці зразка крові), зворотна екстракція та етап очищення ТШХ були включені в схему підготовки зразка, щоб усунути екстракцію компонентів матриці. Отримані результати можуть бути використані при токсикологічному дослідженні біологічних зразків на наявність атомоксетинуItem Lipoperoxidation in Grain Sorghum under the Influence of Herbicides, Phytohormones, and Biopreparation(Scientific Horizons, 2021) Krasnoshtan V., Karpenko V., Prytuliak R., Leontiuk І., Datsenko А.The use of herbicides for sowing grain cultures, including grain sorghum, is an integral condition for high yield indicators. However, upon penetrating into plant organisms, herbicides can intensify synthesis of the reactive oxygen species, which leads to the aggravation of lipid peroxidation and activates antioxidant systems, namely superoxide dismutase enzyme. It is known that phytohormones and microbial preparations, if included in the cultivation technology, can improve plants’ ability to resist oxidative stress caused by xenobiotics. However, the integrative influence of herbicides, phytohormones, and microbial preparations on activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme as well as on lipid peroxidation intensity in plants of grain sorghum is understudied, which preconditioned the purpose of this study. The objects of this study were as follows: grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench) of the Milo W hybrid, herbicide Cytadel 25 OD, phytohormone Endofit L1 and biopreparation Bioarsenal. The study was conducted following the requirements of vegetation method. The activity of lipid peroxidation was investigated according to the number of malondialdehyde formed in the plant tissues. The activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme (EC 1.15.1.1) was investigated according to its ability to compete with nitro blue tetrazolium for superoxide anions resulting from interaction between the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and phenazine methosulfate. The study revealed that under the effect of the herbicide Cytadel 25 OD, indicators of the lipid peroxidation activity in plants averaged 26.2-93.2% higher than in control sample, depending on the herbicide rate and the day after application. Activity of superoxide dismutase in these conditions exceeded that in the control sample by 18.2-96.8% on average. However, provided the joint use of herbicides, phytohormones, and biopreparation, the plants demonstrated a decrease of the lipid peroxidation activity. It lowered by 14.5-19.1% against the background of superoxide dismutase increase by 22.0-38.7% relatively to the variants where only herbicide was used. Results of the experiment attest the positive influence of the phytohormone and biopreparation on the grain sorghum’s resistance to the oxidative stress caused by herbicides. The observed data can become a cornerstone for the further development of biologised cultivation technologies of this cultureItem Morphostructure of Moehringia hypanica Gryn & Klokov in the Buzky Gard National Nature Park, Ukraine(Trakya University Journal of Natural Science, 2024-02-12) Dzhus L., Kovalchuk T., Didenko I., Parubok M. & Rozborska L.The ecological-edaphic and morphological features and the state of populations of the endemic species Moehringia hypanica Gryn & Klokov within the steppe zone of Ukraine were investigated. According to the results of laboratory studies, the humus content of the soil where M. hypanica grows is high, amounting to 7.35-8.23%. According to the results of our research, the availability of soil mobile nutrients showed that the concentrations of Mg, and P₂O₅ were very high, and 8.5-15.0 mg/kg, 129.6-164.5 mg/kg, respectively, and Ca concentration was high and very high, which corresponds to 12.5-27.5 mg/kg. The N concentration of the substrate increased in the samples (256.2-268.8 mg/kg), and the S concentration varied between very low and low (1.3-4.8 mg/kg). This indicated high concentrations of Mg, P₂O₅, and Ca in the substrate and as a limiting factor for the successful growth of the studied plants. The analysis of the cationic and anionic composition of the water extract showed that the soil was classified as non-saline (the sum of salts did not exceed 0.1%). The content of all salts did not exceed the toxicity thresholds. It has been established that in order to preserve the populations of this endemic plant, it is necessary to maintain a stable chemical composition of the substrate and prevent human intervention. During the expeditionary research, we noted that the populations are dominated by young generative and medium generative plants, with a small number of old generative and virgin individualsItem Growth аctivity of аpple trees depending on the method and timing of crown pruning(Journal of Horticultural Research, 2024-10-24) Chaploutskyi А., Butsyk R., Chepurnyi V., Kucher I., Chetskyi B., Zabolotnyi O.The apple tree is one of the most widespread fruit crops in the world. As the area of plantings increases and horticulture transitions to intensive technologies, the demand for skilled workers increases. The introduction of mechanization processes can solve this problem at all stages of fruit production. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of contour pruning and its modification at different times on the growth of ‘Jonaweld’ apple trees grafted onto the dwarf rootstock M.9 T337. As a result of contour pruning, the trunk diameter increased by 61% and the number of shoots by 40%. Contour pruning with manual refinement produced intermediate results between manual and contour pruning. Furthermore, contour pruning produced the shortest shoots, only 22 cm, compared to 29 cm with manual pruning. There was also a general tendency to limit the growth activity of trees due to postponing pruning. The growth of trunk diameter slowed by 25%, the number of shoots decreased by 8%, and their length decreased by 20%. Specific productivity was highest when contouring with postharvest refinement and pruning.Item Productivity of hulless oats under the effect of Microbiological preparation and a plant growth regulator(Acta Sci. Pol. Agricultura, 2021-12-04) Karpenko V., Marchenko KInvestigations were performed to clarify the complex effect of different rates of microbial preparation Melanoriz (Glomussp., Aspergillus terreus, Trichoderma lignorum, Trichoderma viride, Bacillus macerans, Arthrobacter sp., Bacillus subtilis, Paenibacillus polymyxa, total number of viable cells 2.5×107 CFU∙ml-1) under the different methods of using plant growth regulator Agrolight (polyethylene glycol–400+ polyethylene glycol–1500, total content of 770 g∙dm-3, salts of humic acids, 30 g∙dm-3) on the formation of the aboveground biomass by hulless oats plants, net productivity of photosynthesis and grain yield. The experiments were performed in the hulless oats (Avena sativa subsp. nudisativa (Husnot) Rod. et Sold, Avena sativa L. species) of Myrsem variety using generally accepted methods in agronomic practice.Item Influence of the Weather Conditions on the Efficiency of Absorbents in the Vegetable Crop Rotation System and on the Stock of Productive Soil Moisture(Acta fytotechn zootechn, 2024-09-30) Yatsenko V., Yatsenko N., Mostoviak I., Lazariev O., Zhilyak I., Novak Y., Kravchenko V., Musiienko L., Krykun S.The purpose of the research is to study the duration of the effective action of various forms of absorbents in the vegetable crop rotation in conditions of unstable moistening of the forest-steppe of Ukraine. Research on the productivity of vegetable crops under the influence of different forms of absorbents showed varying results on different crops. There was a significant (P <0.05) ncrease yield from 12.7 t·ha-1 in the Badyoryi cultivar to 16.4 t·ha-1, and from 9.9 t·ha-1 in the Rutan cultivar up to 12.5 t·ha-1 following the application of the gel in both varieties of basil. Pumpkin productivity also increased under the influence of absorbents. Yield increased by 16.4% in the Siryi Ukrainskyi cultivar and 14.8% in the Yuvilei cultivar under the influence of the powder. The yield of leafy vegetables (head lettuce, leaf lettuce and spinach) increased by 8.0–11.9 grown on the background of absorbent in powder form. The increase in productive moisture reserves depending on the form of the absorbent, the year of use and the weather conditions of vegetation when using the powder min.-max. was 7.2–8.1% in May; 9.8–17.1% in June; 13.2–15.4% in July. Conclusions. The absorbent in gel form is highly effective in the first year of use, but subsequently its effectiveness declined dramatically, while the powder was less effective in the first year but became more stable in subsequent years.Item Liczba mikroorganizmów w ryzosferze sorga (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) po zastosowaniu herbicydu, regulatora wzrostu roślin i biopreparatu.(Agronomy Science, 2021-07-21) Karpenko V., Krasnoshtan V., Mostoviak I., & Prytuliak R.In the modern agricultural production, the use of herbicides and other biologically active substances is an important part of the cultivation technologies of most cereals, including the grain sorghum. It is known that most preparations, including the chemical ones, can directly or indirectly influence the development of microorganisms in the rhizosphere of plants, but the nature of their effect on the number of microbiota of grain sorghum rhizosphere has not been studied enough, which reasoned the relevance of this research. The number of microorganisms in the grain sorghum rhizosphere (hybrid Milo W) was studied during 2019–2020 under the treatment by the herbicide Citadel 25 OD (0.6; 0.8 and 1.0 dm3·ha–1), plant growth regulator Endophit L1 (30 cm3·ha–1) and biological preparation Bioarsenal (800 g·100 kg–1). The analysis of the obtained experimental data showed that use of the studied preparations both separately and in different compositions had a stimulating effect on the number of grain sorghum rhizosphere microbiota, which was observed in its increase, especially in variants with the combined use of the herbicide Citadel 25 OD, plant growth regulator Endophit L1 and the biopreparation Bioarsenal (compared to the control the number of rhizosphere microbiota increased by 29.4–80.6% in average by groups).Item Lipoperoxidation and enzymative processes in winter pea plants under the application of biologically active substances.(Scientific Horizons, 2020-04-30) Karpenko V., Boiko Y.Herbicides are able to penetrate plants, where they undergo metabolic transformations (detoxification), as a result is changes in lipoperoxidation processes and enzymatic reactions. The article presents the results of the vegetative exeperiment to study on the influence of biologically active substances (herbicide, plant growth regulator and microbial preparation) on the way of reactions of lipid peroxidation and on the activity of glutathione-S-transferase enzyme in winter pea plants. The objects of the study were winter pea (Pisum sativum L.) of NS Moroz variety, MaxiMox herbicide (0,8; 0,9; 1,0 and 1,1 l/ha), applied separately and in mixtures with the Agriflex Amino plant growth regulator (1,0 kg/ha) with pre-sowing bacterization (and without presowing bacterization ) of seeds by the microbical preparation Optimize Pulse (3,28 l/t). Analysis were performed on the third and tenth day after spraying the plants with preparations. The experiment was performed under strictly controlled conditions with the requirements of the vegetative method. During a research experiment, it was found that treatment of plants with the herbicide separately and in combination with the plant growth regulator and microbial preparation, the course of reactions of lipid peroxidation in winter pea plants changed significantly. In particular, the variants of complex used herbicide, plant growth regulator and microbial preparation showed the lowest level of lipid peroxidation (the content of malondialdehyde was lower by 14-27 % than in herbicide-based variants) with the highest activity of glutathione-Stransferase enzyme. This indicates a faster rate of neutralization of the toxicant, which generally contributed to the reduction level of lipid peroxidation on the background of the highest activity of glutathione-S-transferase enzymeItem Agrobiological assessment of productivity and nitrogen fixation of vegetable soybean (edamame) in the conditions of Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.(Agronomy Research, 2023) Yatsenko V., Yatsenko N., Karpenko V., Poltoretskyi S., Lazariev O., Kravchenko V., Chynchyk O., Vyshnevska L., Tretiakova S. and Kozyrsky D.Agrobiological evaluation of vegetable soybean cultivars (Glycine max var. Shirofumi) according to a complex of economically valuable traits for introduction in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine it was carried out with the aim of selecting the source material and selecting promising breeding forms according to morpho-biological and physiologicalbiochemical characteristics. The research was conducted in the conditions of the educational and production department of Uman National University of Horticulture during 2020–2022, collection cultivars of different ecological and geographical origins were used. The cultivars ‘Sac’ (166.00 g plant-1), ‘Vesta’ (139.33 g plant-1), ‘Fiskeby V’ (133.33 g plant-1), and ‘Fiskeby V-E5’ (146.67 g plant-1) possessed a large mass of edamame beans. The maximum yield of edamame beans was formed by plants of the ‘L 380-2-13’ (12.67 t ha-1), ‘Vesta’ (12.33 t ha-1), ‘Sac’ (13.20 t ha-1), ‘Fiskeby V’ (13.97 t ha-1), and ‘Fiskeby V-E5’ (14.53 t ha-1). Weather conditions during the period of research significantly influenced the yield and biochemical composition of edamame varieties. The yield of edamame beans ranged from 5.40 t ha-1in 2020 (min) to 22.40 t ha-1 in 2021 (max), and the coefficient of variation by varieties was at the level of 19–41%. This phenomenon is explained by the minimum amount of precipitation in 2020 and the high amount in 2021, which is confirmed by the hydrothermal coefficient during the period of intensive pod growth (VII–VIII) - 2020 - 0.3; 2021 - 1.3 and 1.1 respectively for the month. The protein concentration in Edamame beans was in the range of 27.94–36.29%. A higher protein content relative to the standard was noted in one sample - ‘Karikachi’ - 36.29%. Minimal accumulation of oligosaccharides was noted in ‘Sac’ and ‘Astra’ cultivars, which indicates their suitability for consumption. Promising cultivars were identified by the amount of fixed nitrogen - ‘Sac’ (168.00 ± 4.32 kg ha-1), ‘Astra’ (161.67 ± 2.36 kg ha-1) and SybNYYSOH 6 (158.19 ± 4.56 kg ha-1). The conducted regression analysis showed close relationships (from moderate to functional) between various indicators of the development and productivity of the nodulation apparatus of edamame cultivars. The evaluation of the collection cultivars of vegetable soybeans, their use according to the variability of morphological features and productivity made it possible to single out the ‘Sac’ among the introduced collection cultivars based on a set of valuable traits for use in the selection process to create new cultivars of vegetable soybeans.Item Yield and quality of winter durum wheat grain depending on the fertiliser system(Scientific Horizons, 2022-06-10) Hospodarenko H., Mostoviak I., Karpenko V., Liubych V. & Novikov V.At present, winter durum wheat is grown after its unpaired predecessors. Under such conditions, fertiliser is important. Therefore, the study of the yield formation and quality of winter durum wheat grain depending on the fertiliser system is relevant. The purpose of this study was to investigate the yield formation and quality of winter durum wheat grain under various fertiliser systems. The study was conducted in conditions of a stationary field experiment of the Uman National University of Horticulture, located in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine during 2020-2021. The experiment was founded in 2011. The following crops are grown in the four-course field crop rotation: winter wheat, corn, spring barley, soybeans. The experiment scheme includes 11 variants of combinations and separate application of mineral fertilisers, including the control option without fertiliser. Grain harvest was performed by direct combining, protein content and gluten content were determined by infrared spectroscopy using Infratek 1241. Statistical data processing was performed using the STATISTICA 10 software. Yield of winter durum wheat grain significantly increased from the fertiliser. However, the effectiveness of their use varied depending on the year of study. Thus, in 2020, it increased by 1.1-1.2 times (3.9-4.1 t hа‑1) with long-term use of nitrogen fertilisers alone. Long-term use of complete mineral fertiliser (N150P60K80) significantly affected the grain yield (4.3 t hа‑1) compared to variant N150. In 2021, grain yields increased 1.2-1.4 times, depending on the fertiliser system. Notably, the use of N150P60K40 and N150P30K80 in terms of impact on grain yield was at the level of the variant N150P60K80. Paired combinations of fertiliser application were effective at the level of long-term application of N150P30K40. Application of N75P30K40 provided the formation of only 4% lower grain yield compared to N150P30K40. The protein and gluten content was most affected by the nitrogen component of the complete mineral fertiliser. The conducted studies confirm the high reaction of durum wheat to the use of nitrogen fertilisers. The results obtained can be used to predict the productivity of durum winter wheat depending on soil ferilityItem The influence of agrotechnical measures on the number of melanin-synthesizing microorganisms(Scientific Horizons, 2023-08-23) Iryna Malynovska, Viktor Kaminskyi, Yelyzaveta Zadubynna, Volodymyr Kurhak, Viktor KarpenkoIn connection with the growing scale of soil dehumification, studies of the patterns of synthesis of the precursors of humus molecules – melanins of bacterial origin – are becoming increasingly relevant. The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of the main factors of agricultural production on the spread of melaninsynthesizing microorganisms: the method of basic soil cultivation, mineral fertilizers, and the type of agricultural crop. Research methods: microbiological, laboratory-analytical, statistical, correlational. As a result, the study found for the first time that the main cultivation of the soil affects the number of melanin-synthesizing microorganisms: micromycetes, bacteria, аzotobacter. In the variant without the application of mineral fertilizers (control), the soil was characterized by the minimum amount of melanin-synthesizing bacteria using the No-till technology, 28.8% more – using disking, and 2.4 times more – using ploughing. The number of melanin-synthesizing micromycetes in the variant without fertilizers was also maximum upon ploughing, the average number was observed with No-till technologies, and the minimum number – using shallow disk tillage. Application of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N30P30K65 leads to an increase in the number of melanin-synthesizing bacteria in the ploughing option by 3.58 times, disking by 3.53 times, No-till technology by 2.28 times. An increase in the dose of mineral fertilizers to N150P100K120 contributes to an increase in the number of melanin-synthesizing bacteria by 5.04 times upon ploughing, 5.78 times upon disking, and 2.24 times upon no-till technologies. The medium-significant nature of the relationship between the content of humus and the number of melanin-synthesizing bacteria (r=0.528) and their share in the total number of microorganisms (r=0.470) suggested that in chernozem inherent in growing sunflowers, humus is formed mainly with the participation melanins of bacterial origin. Metabolites of polysaccharide-synthesizing bacteria take part in the formation of the resistance of humus molecules to microbial mineralization, the probability of the formation of colonies of which has a moderately significant relationship with the content of humus (r=0.532). The results of these studies can be used in the development of recommendations for regulating the content of humus in agricultural soils, preventing its excessive mineralization, which will allow preserving and increasing soil fertilityItem ADAPTIVE AND PRODUCTIVE POTENTIALS OF SPRING GARLIC OF THE COLLECTION OF UMAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF HORTICULTURE(Vegetable and Melon Growing, 2023-12-27) Yatsenko V.V., Yatsenko N.V., Ulianych O.I., Mostoviak I.I., Karpenko V.P.Among vegetables, garlic is most susceptible to genetic erosion due to no sexual reproduction. Purpose.To evaluate the genotypic and phenotypic diversity of local forms of spring garlic in the forest -steppe of Ukraine in order to identify valuable specimens for the following characteristics: yield, adaptability, and essential oil content. Methods. In 2018–2022, 12 local and introduced forms of spring garlic were studied in the field. To analyze the data obtained, regression analysis was used to determine the stability and plasticity of the cultivars. Results. The variability of the spring garlic bulb weight was medium (CV = 13%), however, in some accessions, this characteristic varied from 12% to 37 %. Accessions 'No. 33', 'No. 44', and 'No. 55' had significantly greater bulb weights than the mean value: 27.01–28.84 g (+11.9–19.4 % to Xmed). Analyzing the number and size of cloves in the bulb, we selected accessions 'No. 14' and 'No. 33', which had the smallest total numbers of the largest cloves. In general, the clove distribution in the bulb was as follows: 56% of small cloves, 39% of medium-sized cloves, and only 5% of large ones. That is, in the studied sample, there was no accession with a preponderance of large or medium-sized cloves. By essential oil content, the studied accessions were categorized as food cultivars with a minimum content of 0.220–0.253 mg/100 g ('No.', No. 14', 'No. 52', ' No. 53', and 'No. 54') and technical ones with a high content of 0.370 and 0.373 mg/100 g ('No. 43' and No. 57', respectively). By yield, 'No. 33', 'No. 44', and 'No. 52' stood out, yielding 8.94, 9.95, and 9.07 t/ha, respectively, which was statistically significantly more than Xmed by 18.7, 32.2 and 20.4%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that 'No. 14' was the most stable in terms of this characteristic, while the other accessions were characterized as unstable with bi > 1 and σ2d > 0. The results of statistical processing showed that the phenotypes (CVp) of the studied traits in garlic were characterized by high heritability, which was changeable and depended on environmental conditions (CVe) to a greater extent than on genotype (CVg). Conclusions. Our study is an example of a description of the variability of local spring garlic cultivars and an approach to quantification of local adaptation that currently contributes to theirpreservation.