Кафедра екології та безпеки життєдіяльності

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Biodiversity and landscape diversity as indicators of sustainable development
(E3S Web of Conferences 255, 2021) Sonko, Serhiy; Maksymenko, Nadiya; Vasylenko, Olha; Chornomorets, Viktoriia; Koval, Iryna
The main purpose of the article is to substantiate the restrictive content of a sustainable development concept and to show how it is implemented in the theoretical foundations of the agriculture. Today, the initial restrictive content of the concept has changed beyond recognition in a continued large-scale consumption of natural resources. Consequently, the very concept of sustainability requires clarification. It is necessary to look for its signs in natural ecosystems, where the main indicator is life itself, maintained by the biosphere in a state of stable dynamic equilibrium. Introducing monoculture, people deliberately impoverish biodiversity in agroecosystems, by transforming natural into agro-landscapes. Adaptive technologies could be the means to achieve a stable balance. In that case, the mechanisms of matter-energy metabolism in agroecosystems will be closer to the biosphere. The article lays out a set of measures through which the use of nature can be closer to general scientific ideas of sustainability.
Biodiversity and landscape diversity as indicators of sustainable development
((ISCMEE 2021). Odesa, Ukraine, 2021-04-16) Sergiy Sonko; Nadiya Maksymenko; Olha Vasylenko; Viktoriia Chornomorets
The main purpose of the article is to substantiate the restrictive content of a sustainable development concept and to show how it is implemented in the theoretical foundations of the agriculture. Today, the initial restrictive content of the concept has changed beyond recognition in a continued large-scale consumption of natural resources. Consequently, the very concept of sustainability requires clarification. It is necessary to look for its signs in natural ecosystems, where the main indicator is life itself, maintained by the biosphere in a state of stable dynamic equilibrium. Introducing monoculture, people deliberately impoverish biodiversity in agroecosystems, by transforming natural into agro-landscapes. Adaptive technologies could be the means to achieve a stable balance. In that case, the mechanisms of matter-energy metabolism in agroecosystems will be closer to the biosphere. The article lays out a set of measures through which the use of nature can be closer to general scientific ideas of sustainability.
CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENTALLY PROTECTIVE FARMING FOR THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE*
(ХНУ ім.В.Н.Каразіна, 2018) Сонько, Сергій Петрович; Максименко, Надія Василівна; Пересадько, Віліна Анатоліївна; Василенко, Ольга Володимирівна; Суханова, Ірина Прохорівна; Нікітіна, Ольга Володимирівна
Taking into account that agriculture is the branch that is the closest to natural landscapes on the type of material-energy relations, the main task of agroecology is search of management forms (specialization) that would not exceed the natural capacity of a specific territory. The best management of the nature use on the agro-landscape level can be implemented only in case of complete certainty of the land property, as well as in the presence of small areas from farmers that would correspond to the grassroots levels of the landscape structure. It is under this condition that the farmer can be taken care of with the support of the natural fertility of the land. In addition, the determined ownership of land (and not lease) will force the peasant to form specialization in order to work as self-sustaining as possible. Under such conditions, the revival of domestic livestock, as a guarantee of the maintenance of natural fertility of soils - just a matter of time. The Author's Concept, which is adapted to the conditions of the UA forest-steppe area, consists of serial blocks of research: "Ecological monitoring of agro-landscape components "; "Ecological conversion of agro-landscapes"; "Landscape-ecological planning". The main goal of this Concept is not to focus on large agroholdings, but on farmer farmers. The experience of conducting an industrial typology of agriculture in the regions of the UA forest-steppe zone suggests that modern specialization is not only far from optimal, in terms of compliance with natural conditions, but also in many cases devastating to soils. Therefore, the assessment of the environmental impact of each type of agriculture, first in the forest-steppe, and, subsequently, throughout the territory of Ukraine, can be analogous to the modern "electronic declaration" and will help to develop a strategy for environmentally sound management of agriculture. The developed technological methods of ecological conversion (vermiculture, biodynamics, etc.) are adapted to the conditions of the forest-steppe of Ukraine, and will help owners of peasant and farm enterprises to implement this strategy in practice.
Cуспільно-географічне дослідження захворюваності населення в старопромислових регіонах (на прикладі Кривбасу)
(ПВНЗ «Донецький інститут соціальної освіти», 2012) Сонько, Сергій Петрович; Шиян, Дарья Валеріївна
The modern directs of society-geographical study of population morbidity are investigated in the article. Methodical and theoretical approaches to study of population morbidity on the small spatial level are proposed. The priority of society geography in research to ecologically dependent illnesses in the old industry regions is accented.
DEVELOPMENT OF BALTIC-MEDITERRANEAN GEOPOLITICAL STRATEGY AS CONTINUATION OF STEPAN RUDNYTSKIY’S IDEAS
(Харків, ХНУ імені В.Н. Каразіна, 2017, 2017) Serhiy Sonko, Yuriy Kyselov
It is marked that the various questions related to the eurointegration geopolitical vector of Ukraine deserve serious and all-round scientific researches. It is stressed that through the unprincipled policy of the leading West-European states in relation to Ukraine optimal strategy for our state is development by it the Baltic-Black sea (in a prospect – Baltic-Mediterranean) geopolitical doctrine founded almost one hundred years ago by the academician Stepan Rudnytskiy.
Ecological and Agrochemical Evaluation of Continuous Mineral Fertilizer Usage in Field Сrop Rotation
(Journal of Ecological Engineering, 2024-09) Нікітіна Ольга Володимирівна; Василенко Ольга Володимирівна; Балабак Алла Василівна; Балабак Олександр Анатолійович; Гнатюк Наталія Олександрівна; Гурський Ігор Миколайович; Хіміч Марія Ігорівна; Кецкало Вікторія Валеріївна; Рассадіна Ірина Юріївна; Залізняк Антон
Fertilizers have a significant influence on the forming of the circulation of substances and energy in soils, agroecological state of lands, as well as the quality of agricultural products. Fertilizers and ameliorants, as some of the most effective means of restoring soil fertility, have a considerable influence on the agroecological condition and agrochemical indicators of arable soils in the process of their agricultural usage. The article researched such ecological aspects of using mineral fertilizers as changing the chlorine content in soil solution, potassium, calcium and magnesium content in soil intake complex as well as gross sodium content in soil after continuous usage of fertilizers in field crop rotation. The experimental part of the work was done in continuous stationary experiment in the field rotation of grain and beet crops with a set of crops traditional for the region defined in 1964. It was defined that the chlorine of fertilizers does not produce stable compounds in soil and migrates a lot in its profile. Using fertilizers in field crop rotation in a dose of 45–135 kg of K2 O/ha does not contribute to chlorine increase in physiologically active 1.5 m deep soil layer. At continuous fertilizer usage, there have been essential changes in the ashed fertile soil in the composition of its intake complex – the number of calcium and magnesium exchangeables has decreased, which entails worsening of the physical and chemical qualities and as a result leads to decreasing fertility level. The research results have evinced that the ratio between magnesium and potassium in a soil intake complex drops to 2.6–3.6 as a result of continuous potassium with fertilizer usage, according to the checking data without fertilizer application it makes up – 4.2, which corresponds to optimal ratio of Mg : K = 2–5. Keywords: mineral fertilizers, exchangeable cations, chlorine, natrium, soil intake complex, environmental assessment
Ecological management and administrative-territorial structure: experience of practical application of the concept of noosphere ecosystems
(INTENSE Open Science Conference Online, 2021-10-21) Sonko, Sergiy
The concept of noosphere ecosystems has been developed by the author since the late 1980s and is aimed at the practical solution of environmental problems at the local level by "inscribing" nature management into ecosystem dynamics. The essence of the concept is as follows. All countries, ethnic groups, communities are participants in one global process - noospherogenesis, the ascending logic of which logically and clearly unites them on the way to expanding the ecological niche of the entire population.
Ecology of the Сity and the Role of Tourism in the Formation of Living Space (on the Example of Urban Ecosystems of the Cities of Kryvyi Rih and Uman)
((ISCSAI 2021). Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine, 2021-04-12) Sonko, Sergiy; Lakomova, Olena; Shiyan, Daria; Kosenko, Yulia; Karpenko, Tetyana
Despite the significant success of the human population in the development of the planet's resources, man will most likely never be able to completely get rid of dependence on the material and energy mechanisms of the biosphere. The clearest proof of this is the existence of urban ecosystems, within which human living space is formed. However, there is no consensus among researchers on the participation of social and natural components in the formation of urban ecosystems. Moreover, there is no clear answer to the question of how and through what mechanisms the space of human life is formed in modern cities. The article analyzes the ontological affiliation of the category "living space". Numerous aspects of the formation of modern living space have been studied on the specific examples of urban ecosystems of Kryvyi Rih and Uman. In particular, sample surveys of residents of these cities were conducted, based on the results of which conclusions are made about the quality of living space. Tourist activity and tourist resources are considered by the authors as a field of harmonization of human-environment relations in modern conditions of formation of living space.
Ecology of the Сity and the Role of Tourism in the Formation of Living Space (on the Example of Urban Ecosystems of the Cities of Kryvyi Rih and Uman)
(Кривий Ріг, 2021) Sonko, Serhiy; Lakomova, Olena; Shiyan, Daria; Karpenko, Tetyana; Kosenko, Yulia
Express assessment of environmental impact of agriculture technologies on the soils of Cherkasy Oblast
(Ukraine, Melitopol, 72312, Lenin St, 20, 2018) Son'ko, Sergiy
Agriculture is the closest branch to natural ecosystems by the type of substance-energy relations. That is why the search for forms of its management (specialization) which would correspond to natural opportunities of a certain territory is the main task. Its solution will promote balanced environmental use in the agricultural sphere. Cherkasy Oblast belongs to the region in which a considerable part of agricultural production of Ukraine is produced. Therefore, an important problem is the definition of areas in which the impact of agriculture is an environmental hazard. Our research is aimed at it. The harmful effect on the soil of certain combinations of branches within each farm was determined. Based on information on the cultivation of crops by enterprises of Cherkasy Oblast, a method was developed for assessing the degree of environmental impact of both individual crops and their combinations. Zoning of territories by specialization (agricultural areas) and environmental impact is carried out. Application of this methodology has made it possible to establish that the current state of agricultural land use in the region does not meet requirements of rational nature management. Excessive load on soils in the process of agriculture led to the intensification of erosion processes which was facilitated by the unjustified increase in cultivated crops, in soil-exhausting sunflower and rape. For many decades, the extensive use of lands (especially arable lands) was not offset by equivalent measures for the reproduction of soil fertility and its rational use. According to the results, ways of reducing the harmful environmental impact of agricultural enterprises of Cherkasy Oblast are proposed
Geobotanical study of ruderal vegetation in the geoecological monitoring program of roadside ecosystems of the Cherkasy oblast
(Видавництво Чернівецького університету, 2023-10-29) S. Sonko; T. Mamchur; I. Kravtsova; І. Mostoviak; Yu. Kyselov
The article is devoted to the dynamics of the spread of ruderal vegetation in phytocenoses of the roadside ecosystems of the Cherkasy oblast. Due to the high plowed area of the region, roadside field protection strips, in which, in fact, phytocenoses with the participation of ruderal plants are formed, are mostly very narrow (on average 10–15 m). Such ecotopic limitation creates extremely harsh ecological conditions in which only competitive (and sometimes aggressive) species survive. Unlike most works devoted to the formation of the phytodiversity in roadside phytocenoses, the authors follow the concept of infraecosystems presented in previous publications. The main distinguishing feature of this concept is the assumption of different states of formation of natural ecosystems on roadsides. In particular, by comparing the available phytodiversity in roadside phytocenoses with the «National Catalog of Biotopes», the degree of completeness of ecosystem formation at 19 study sites was assessed. Highways in the meridional (11 polygons) and latitudinal (8 polygons) directions were investigated within the Cherkasy oblast. Among the investigated phytocenoses at 19 polygons, only 4 phytocenoses, which spatially coincide with gas stations (Esco gas station, exit from the city of Uman, SOCAR gas station, near the village of Sharyn), or with relatively isolated settlements at the exits to the main route (Bilashki village, Rotmistrivka village). Invasive species (more than 10), which take an active part in the formation of the phytodiversity, were also found at all landfills. According to our estimates, the general trend of the formation of roadside ecosystems falls under the principle of Le Chatelier-Brown compensation, according to which the biosphere confirms its extraordinary ability to support life every time. After all, it can reduce, eliminate, and finally nullify any destructive (man-made) impact, filling existing and creating new ecological niches. Such an understanding of the geobotanical component in monitoring studies will help in the future to more correctly determine the role of man and the biosphere in the formation of anthropogenic landscapes, one of the more dynamic varieties of which are roadside landscapes.
Geobotanical study of ruderal vegetation in the geoecological monitoring program of roadside ecosystems of the Cherkasy oblast
(Видавництво Чернівецького університету, 2023-10-29) Sergiy SONKO; Tetiana MAMCHUR; Iryna KRAVTSOVA; Ivan MOSTOVYAK; Yurii KISELOV
The article is devoted to the dynamics of the spread of ruderal vegetation in phytocenoses of the roadside ecosystems of the Cherkasy oblast. Due to the high plowed area of the region, roadside field protection strips, in which, in fact, phytocenoses with the participation of ruderal plants are formed, are mostly very narrow (on average 10–15 m). Such ecotopic limitation creates extremely harsh ecological conditions in which only competitive (and sometimes aggressive) species survive. Unlike most works devoted to the formation of the phytodiversity in roadside phytocenoses, the authors follow the concept of infraecosystems presented in previous publications. The main distinguishing feature of this concept is the assumption of different states of formation of natural ecosystems on roadsides. In particular, by comparing the available phytodiversity in roadside phytocenoses with the «National Catalog of Biotopes», the degree of completeness of ecosystem formation at 19 study sites was assessed. Highways in the meridional (11 polygons) and latitudinal (8 polygons) directions were investigated within the Cherkasy oblast. Among the investigated phytocenoses at 19 polygons, only 4 phytocenoses, which spatially coincide with gas stations (Esco gas station, exit from the city of Uman, SOCAR gas station, near the village of Sharyn), or with relatively isolated settlements at the exits to the main route (Bilashki village, Rotmistrivka village). Invasive species (more than 10), which take an active part in the formation of the phytodiversity, were also found at all landfills. According to our estimates, the general trend of the formation of roadside ecosystems falls under the principle of Le Chatelier-Brown compensation, according to which the biosphere confirms its extraordinary ability to support life every time. After all, it can reduce, eliminate, and finally nullify any destructive (man-made) impact, filling existing and creating new ecological niches. Such an understanding of the geobotanical component in monitoring studies will help in the future to more correctly determine the role of man and the biosphere in the formation of anthropogenic landscapes, one of the more dynamic varieties of which are roadside landscapes.
Geochemical aspect of landscape planning in forestry
(Дніпро, ПП «Ліра ЛТД»,, 2018) Сонько, Сергій Петрович; Максименко, Надія Василівна; Воронін, В.О.; ЧеркашинаН.І.
One of the modern methods of spatially estimating anthropogenic impact on a given territory is landscape planning, including the stage of assessment of the conditions of a natural complex . The results of such an evaluation are used in environmental management. The aim of the work is to assess the ecological conditions of the Vasyshchivsky forest area by means of landscape and environmental planning. The aim is achieved by performing the following stages of work: assessment of the distribution and intensity of contamination sources in the Vasyshchivsky forest area; drawing a scheme showing parts of the territory with probable conflicts; making a soil and geochemical survey of the forest area to assess acidity distribution and total content of carbonates in the soil as the consequences of pollution of the forest ecosystem ; specification of geochemical characteristics of soils on the forest sites in the established location of former fires; forecast of limits of afte-r fire areas based on the analysis of cartographic works developed by the authors. The geochemical characteristics of the soils in Vasyshchivsky forest have been studied to identify the areas affected by fire, and the results of this study are given in this paper. During the inventory phase of landscape and environmental planning, a complete survey of the forest territory was conducted and a landscape map was drawn. Based on the authors’ matrices filled with conflicts of natural use, the areas with low, medium and high levels of conflict have been marked within the study area. Landscape and environmental planning has been evaluated by soil sampling outside the test points on the network and their laboratory analysis. The results of the evaluation phase were maps illustrating the geochemical situation in the forest soil cover. The article presents cartographic models of the spatial distribution of carbonates in the forest soils, water and salt extraction pH. The results of the study are part of an environmental assessment of Vasyshchivsky forest area. In future they will be used in restoration of the forest ecosystems after fire.
Geographical foundations of the sustainable development concept: the paradigmatic level
(4th International Conference on Sustainable Futures: environmental, technological, social and economic matters (ICSF 2023), 2023) S P Sonko; D V Shiyan; N V Maksymenko; O V Vasylenko; S P Ogilko
A constructive solution to the global environmental problem is possible within the framework of the information-space-time paradigm, the main of which is a constant (in terms of the main laws of conservation) amount of information, space and time, and thus deriving equivalent interchangeable units of their measurement. The methodological uncertainty of the very idea of sustainable development prompts the interpretation of this idea precisely taking into account the geographical picture of the world in the context of the informational-spatial-time paradigm
Geographical Foundations of the Sustainable Development Concept: the Paradigmatic Level
(IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2023-05-23) Sergiy SONKO; Shiyan D.V; Maksymenko N.V.; Vasylenko O.V; Ogilko S.P.
A constructive solution to the global environmental problem is possible within the framework of the information-space-time paradigm, the main of which is a constant (in terms of the main laws of conservation) amount of information, space and time, and thus deriving equivalent interchangeable units of their measurement. The methodological uncertainty of the very idea of sustainable development prompts the interpretation of this idea precisely taking into account the geographical picture of the world in the context of the informational-spatial-time paradigm.
Geographical research of ecologically dependent disease in the territories of old agricultural development (Cherkasy region)
(Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk national pedagogical university., 2021-07) Sonko, Serhii; Chornomorets, Victoria
Залежність захворюваності населення від стану довкілля завжди входило до предметної області географічної науки. Але в останній час, особливо на тлі пандемії корона вірусу, ця проблема поступово переходить у сферу інтересів наук про Землю, оскільки яскраво знаменує собою «взаємозв’язок і взаємодію земних геосфер». У географічній науці традиційно більша увага приділялась дослідженню захворюваності або у промислово навантажених, або в урбаністичних регіонах. Розвиток же екологічно залежної патології в сільській місцевості являє не менш актуальну проблему, як внаслідок давньої історії сільськогосподарського освоєння території України, так і через значну інтенсифікацію (з використанням хворобочинних агрохімікатів) сільського господарства в ринкових умовах. В статті на прикладі хвороб органів дихання досліджені головні просторові закономірності поширення екологічно залежної захворюваності у регіонах старого сільскогосподарського освоєння (Черкаська область).
Green Infrastructure of Post-USSR Cities for Prevention of Noise Pollution
(Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine, 2021-04-12) Sonko, Sergiy; Maksymenko, Nadiya; Skryhan, Hanna; Burchenko, Svitlana; Gladkiy, Anton
The green infrastructure provides many different benefits for the environment and for human well-being. One of these benefits – protecting from noise pollution. The study of the deterioration of the ecological situation in cities is associated not only with the study of natural but also with physical environmental factors of natural and artificial origin. Increasingly, physical factors are defined as risk factors for the urban population and belong to the group of anthropogenic factors. Increased urbanization, mechanization of processes and the development of the transport network are intensifying influences for citizens. Territorial organization of the urban landscape in post-USSR cities, is quite complex and has signs of spontaneous formation, without protective function of green infrastructure from noise pollution . The aim of this research is to measure noise levels in Moskovsky district in Kharkiv, Ukraine. Kharkiv is a large industrial city and noise pollution is a considerable factor of influence on the environment. Based on these tasks, we have analyzed noise pollution in Moskovsky district in Kharkiv. Were identified 80 experimental points. Noise measurement was performed using an instrument “Digital Sound Level Meter”. Was made the noise maps for working day and weekend in the mornings and in the evenings. For mapping was used QGIS instrument interpolation. The normal level of noise for this district is 60-70 according to the Ukrainian normative document. The WHO recommends the level of noise less than 20-30 decibels. According to this also was analyzed the change in the noise level in the zones of green spaces and was studied the objects of green infrastructure witch reduce noise in the cities.
Man in Noosphere: Evolution and Further Development
(Printed according to resolution of Scientific Board of International Society of Philosophy and Cosmology (Minutes of meeting No. 29 from December 28, 2018), 2019) Son'ko, Sergiy
The absence of the paradigm of the socio-natural development of the noospheric level is now confirmed by the almost complete fiasco of the concept of sustainable development (especially after Rio + 20). The main reason for this is the incorrect positioning of the “Homo” species in the biosphere of the planet. “Ecotope” Homo Sapiens goes far beyond the organism level of the species organization and covers the ecosystem level, forming an agroecosystem, as an ecological niche with moving spatial boundaries. The reason for the aggravation of the global ecological problem is the spatial inconsistency of the territorial combinations of the noospheric ecosystems. As close to sustainable, the priority development of agroecosystems as socio-natural systems is proposed and the need to “inscribe” administrative-territorial division into their borders, since just then the content of interaction between nature and society will be approximated to the adaptive content.
Morphogen development of in vitro cultivated Shrub roses
(Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2021) Балабак, Олександр Анатолійович; Балабак, Алла Василівна
The article presents the study's results of the morphogen development features of the Shrub roses explants during in vitro reproduction — five cultivars from the collection fund of the National Dendrological Park "Sofiyivka" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine: 'Gärtnerfreude' (W. Kordes' Söhne, 1991), 'Lavender Dream' (G. P. Ilsink, 1984), 'Pomponella' (W. Kordes' Söhne, 2005), 'Red Cascade' (R. S. Moore, 1976), 'Sommerabend' (W. Kordes' Söhne, 1995). The listed cultivars belong to those Shrub roses that form a dense cover of shoots, leaves, and flowers and are applicable for decorating plots that are of little avail for growing other ornamental plants. Shrub roses of most varieties introduced into the National Dendrological Park "Sofiyivka" National Academy of Science of Ukraine have shown sufficient adaptive ability in the natural and climatic conditions of the introduction area. Studies of gas resistance have shown that roses of this class adapt well to the conditions of the high content of traffic fumes and dust while maintaining high decorative qualities, which gave reason to recommend them for wide use in landscaping settlements of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe Zone of Ukraine.
Nova data about the dinamyc of the noospheric ecosystems
(Web of Scholar, 2018) Сонько, Сергій Петрович
The absence of the paradigm of the socio-natural development of the noospheric level is now confirmed by the almost complete fiasco of the concept of sustainable development (especially after Rio + 20). The main reason for this is the incorrect positioning of the "Homo" species in the biosphere of the planet. "Ecotope" Homo Sapiens goes far beyond the organism level of the species organization and covers the ecosystem level, forming an agroecosystem, as an ecological niche with moving spatial boundaries. The reason for the aggravation of the global ecological problem is the spatial inconsistency of the territorial combinations of the noospheric ecosystems. As close to sustainable, the priority development of agroecosystems as socio-natural systems is proposed and the need to "inscribe" administrative-territorial division into their borders, since just then the content of interaction between nature and society will be approximated to the adaptive content.

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