Browsing by Author "Yakovenko, Roman"

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    The content of chlorophyll and nutrients in apple leaves depending on long-term fertiliser. Scientific Horizons
    (Поліський національний університет, 2021) Yakovenko, Roman; Kopytko, Petro; Pelekhatyi, Vadym
    The plant condition index, depending on their growing conditions, is their leaf apparatus, which is characterized by the content of chlorophyll and food elements in the leaf. The leaf of an apple-tree provides synthesis of organic substances, productivity of fruit trees depends on features of its vital activity. The chemical analysis of the leaves is an important method of diagnosing the mineral nutrition of fruit crops. Its indicators reflect the levels of supply of plants with mineral nutrients. The results of studies on the content of chlorophyll and food elements in the leaves of apple trees of Calville Snow on seedling rootstock and Idared on seedling and vegetative M4 rootstocks in the re-grown plantations on the background of mineral nutrition, created by long-term (over 86 years) application of various fertilization systems on the dark-grey podzolic soil. The long-term use of organic and organic-mineral fertilizer systems helped to increase the level of chlorophyll (a+b) in the leaves of Idared apple trees on seedling rootstock and clonal rootstock M4 rootstocks and Calville Snow on seedling rootstock at different age periods of growth and fruiting, which led to their better productivity. The content of macronutrients in the leaves of the studied cultivar combinations depended on the age of plantations and fertilization options. In the most productive period of fruiting in the leaves of Idared trees on seedling and vegetative rootstocks, the nitrogen content in the areas of fertilized options was within optimal limits. Among the studied rootstocks in the variant without fertilizers, the highest nitrogen content in the leaves had trees on the seedling rootstock. In the leaves of Calville Snow on the seedling rootstock, the nitrogen content in the studied variants was within the optimal range, and among the fertilizer variants for the application of mineral fertilizers. The content of phosphorus and potassium in the leaves of trees of the studied cultivar combination on the areas of fertilized variants was within optimal limits.
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    Total and Fractional Composition of Water in Pear Leaves Depending on the Optimised Fertiliser
    (Scientific Horizons, 2021) Yakovenko, Roman
    The water content in tissues is an important indicator of the physiological state of the plant and is of great importance in the comparative assessment of their cultivation measures that increase productivity. One of such measures is rational fertilisation of plantings, which determines the relevance of the study. The purpose of the study was to establish the effect of optimised fertiliser on the water content in pear tree leaves and the fractional composition of water during stressful growing periods. One of the critical problems is drought, which negatively affects the growth and productivity of plantings. Under such conditions, the turgor of plant cells decreases and the passage of biochemical and physiological processes in the plant slows down. The paper considers the results of studying the water regime of leaves (the content of total, available, and inaccessible moisture) of pear varieties Konferentsia and Osnovianska on vegetative rootstock Quince A grown using optimised fertiliser in nonirrigated plantations. The study was conducted in 2011 and 2018 in a certified educational and research laboratory of the Uman National University of Horticulture. It was found that during the age periods of growth and fruiting, there was a change in the total water content in the pear leaves of the studied varieties. Leaves from pear trees of the Konferentsia variety had a higher water content compared to the Osnovianska variety. Fertiliser options increased the total water content in the leaves, which had a positive effect on the condition of the trees. It was found that at the beginning of the growing season, the free water content in the leaves of pear varieties Konferentsia and Osnovianska was higher, while it significantly decreased in the middle of the season. The bound water content was higher in all studied options. Under stressful situations (drought, temperature increase), fertiliser application had a positive effect on the water content in the leaves of both studied pear varieties. The practical significance of the study is to recommend the production of a rational fertiliser system for nonirrigated pear plantations in different age periods of growth and fruiting, which positively affected the water content in leaves and the fractional composition of water during stressful periods of cultivation