Browsing by Author "Svystunova, I. V."

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    Enzymatic activity of soil microbiota under different fertilizer systems
    (EurAsian Journal of BioSciences, 2020-12) Skivka, L. M.; Hudz, S. O.; Prysiazhniuk, O. I.; Svystunova, I. V.; Voitsekhivska, O. V.; Poltoretskyi, S. P.; Belava, V. N.
    Soil enzymes are mostly synthesized by microorganisms and play an essential role in metabolism since they are biological catalysts for the transformation of organic residues. The activity of enzymes is affected by many factors, for instance, the number and activity of soil microbiota, the physicochemical properties of soil, organic matter content, weather conditions during the growing season, incorporation of organic residues into the soil, and the farming system. Among the various groups of soil enzymes, catalase and proteases deserve special attention. Catalase activity associated with the content of organic carbon in the soil is used as an indicator of soil fertility. Soil proteases play a significant role in nitrogen mineralization. The goal of our study was to compare soil enzyme activity in short crop rotation under different fertilizer systems. Methods. Soil catalase activity was determined by gasometrical method. Soil protease activity was determined by the Romeiko method. Results. |Soil protease activity increased from the beginning to the end of vegetation, with the maximum catalase activity being observed approximately in the middle of the growing season of the studied crops. Protease and catalase activities of rhizosphere soils were higher than those of the bulk soil, probably due to higher activity of root-associated microbial communities. The highest indicators of enzymatic activity were recorded under biological fertilizer system. Conclusion. The biological system of crops fertilization of a short crop rotation ensures optimal conditions for the course of enzymatic processes, which, obviously, is a consequence of the activation of soil microbial communities
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    Nutrition of winter intermediate crops depending on technological factors of cultivation
    (Москва, 2020) Svystunova, I. V.; Poltoretskyi, S. P.; Rak, О.V.; Voitsekhovskaya, E. V.; Kienko, Z. B.
    One of the main components of the successful management of the livestock industry is the use of traditional and less common forage crops in the feed conveyor links, different in the rate of green mass growth and balanced in the protein content. Annual fodder plants, including winter triticale, play a significant role in the system of such a conveyor. Field research was conducted at the Agronomic Research Station of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine on typical low-humus chernozems. The object of research was winter crops: wheat (control), rye (control) and triticale (early ripening variety AD44, mid-ripening variety Polissky 29, late ripening variety ADM 11), sown in five calendar dates. It has been established that sowing winter triticale at the most optimal time, in accordance with the biological requirements of varieties, allows not only to control the production process in crops, but also to control the quality and nutritional value of the fodder mass. Due to their properties to synthesize proteins and carbohydrates, an important zootechnical characteristic of plants is their ability to provide high foliage of the aboveground mass. Among the studied varieties of winter triticale, the maximum leafiness was provided by the variety Polisskiy 29–34.2–35.3 %. Depending on the time of sowing and variety, mowing the vegetative mass of triticale in the earing phase provides a yield of 3.22–8.23 t / hectare of feed units and 0.39–1.07 t / hectare of digestible protein. The supply of feed unit protein was 114–132 g / feed units