Browsing by Author "Poltoretskyi, Serhii"

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    EFFECT OF SURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION AND CULTIVARS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF FABA BEAN CROP
    (Journal of Agricultural Science, 2021-06-04) Ulyanych, Olena; Poltoretskyi, Serhii; Liubych, Vitalii; Yatsenko, Anatolii; Yatsenko, Viacheslav; Lazariev, Oleh; Kravchenko, Vitalii
    Lack of water is one of the main abiotic factors that affect the change of plant production processes by imposing certain morphological, physiological and biochemical changes. The aim of the research conducted in 2019–2020 was to study the change in the productivity and yield of green beans of different cultivars of Vicia faba L. var. Major and the formation of a symbiotic system on surface drip irrigation. The results of the biometric analysis showed that the cultivation of faba beans under irrigation contributes to an increasing in plant height by 4.7–12.2%, the number of branches per plant increased by 17.3–30.0%, the leaf area of faba bean crops increased by 21.2–24.9%. The content of total chlorophyll increasing by 16.9–40.5%. Antioxidant enzymes activity decreased depending on the cultivar Catalase activity by 10.6–22.5%, Guaiacol peroxidase – 19.4–25.9%, Superoxide dismutase – 19.3–24.4%. The yield of green faba beans (Vicia faba L.) increased by 31.3–39.2%. Growing faba beans on irrigation helped to reduce the protein content by 1.4–2.1 %, but to reduce the dry matter content by 1.3–2.0%, which was significant in both indicators. In general, drip irrigation contributed to the improved development of bean-rhizobial symbiosis of faba bean plants. The mass of the nodules on the drip irrigation increased by 0.3 g plant–1 regardless of the cultivar, and their number is 1.5–9.0 pcs plant–1. The presented results give an idea of the functioning of the legume agrocenosis and the impact of irrigation on the main quality indicators of the product. Further research is to study the regimes (rates, timing, and multiplicity) of irrigation
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    Theoretical bases of bases of forming highly productive crops of buckwheat
    (Збірник наукових праць Уманського НУС, 2016-09) Rarok, Anton; Bilonozhko, Volodimir; Poltoretskyi, Serhii
    Rarok A. V., Bilonozhko V. Y., Poltoretskyi S. P. Theoretical bases of forming highly productive crops of buckwheat An important characteristic of an agrobiocenosis is the productional process. The basis of it is the ability of plants to absorb water and mineral substances from the soil, absorb carbon dioxide from the air and to synthesize organic substances through the energy of sunlight. At the same time, the theory of the productional process allows extending general biological understanding of vital functions of systems of different levels and simultaneously solving practical problems. The main provisions of this theory point out that carbon, hydrogen and oxygen constitute 95% of the plant biomass. They are absorbed by a plant during photosynthesis with their storing in organic products, as well as transformed energy of solar radiation. Photosynthesis as a basic process in a plant metabolism provides energy substrate harvest formation, combined with the processes of assimilation of nitrogen and elements of mineral nutrition. It is controlled in a complex hierarchy of genetic programs of the development that determine the sequence of ontogenesis processes. Photosynthetic function is controlled by ontogenesis processes and yield formation is determined, above all, by the epigenetic pressure from organs consuming photosynthates. The development of the theory of the productional process has a significant impact on the development of two areas: practical selection and simulation, forecasting and programming yields. Thus, as a result of restructuring of plant habitus during selection there are buckwheat varieties with increased yield and presence of features such as large size of grain, limited branching, determinativeness and efficient allocation of photosynthates between vegetative and generative organs. The use of such varieties ensures the grain yield of this crop not lower than 20-25 kg/ ha which brings it to the level of other cereal crops. Key words: theory of the productional process, photosynthesis, synthetic selection, yield, buckwheat.