Browsing by Author "Poltoretskyi, S. P."
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Item Agrobiological characteristics of spelt wheat and intermediate wheatgrass in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine(Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2020) Karpenko, V. P.; Poltoretskyi, S. P.; Liubych, V. V.; Adamenko, D. M.; Kravets, I. S.; Prytuliak, R. M.Estimation of spelt wheat and the species of intermediate wheatgrass by the main agrobiological indicators (calendar dates of the beginning of the main phases of plant development, plant height dynamics, dry mass accumulation, grain yield and protein content) compared to soft wheat was done. The index of stability of grain yield formation was determined. It was found that the main phases of development in spelt wheat occurred on average 10–15 days later than in soft wheat. Plants of intermediate wheatgrass in the first year of cultivation had slower growth. The main phases of development in plants of intermediate wheatgrass of the second and third year of growth occurred almost in the same time with soft wheat. It was established that spelt wheat and intermediate wheatgrass were significantly superior to soft wheat in plant height. In the earing phase, the height of these plants was on average more than 100 cm, which had to be taken into account when growing these crops. It varied from 25 to 42 cm in spelt wheat and from 29 cm to 57 cm in intermediate wheatgrass during the stem elongation phase depending on the weather conditions of the research year. This indicator ranged from 107 cm to 113 cm and from 96 cm to 117 cm, respectively, in the earing phase, and from 137 to 168 cm and from 107 cm to 196 cm in the phase of milk ripeness of grain. Plants of spelt wheat and intermediate wheatgrass had a high stability index of the formation of dry matter and grain yield. It should be noted that intermediate wheatgrass formed a significant vegetative mass even in the earing phase. The vegetative mass in spelt wheat was formed during the earing period – full ripeness of grain. These crops (spelt wheat – 22.1 0.4, intermediate wheatgrass – 22.4–24.6 0.2–0.5) were significantly superior to soft wheat (12.1 0.5) by the content of protein in grain, so it was recommended to involve them in the selection programs to create species with high productivity. However, spelt wheat (5.58 0.13) was less and intermediate wheatgrass (0.98–1.22 0.14–0.18) was the most inferior to soft wheat (8.03 0.27) in terms of grain yieldItem Enzymatic activity of soil microbiota under different fertilizer systems(EurAsian Journal of BioSciences, 2020-12) Skivka, L. M.; Hudz, S. O.; Prysiazhniuk, O. I.; Svystunova, I. V.; Voitsekhivska, O. V.; Poltoretskyi, S. P.; Belava, V. N.Soil enzymes are mostly synthesized by microorganisms and play an essential role in metabolism since they are biological catalysts for the transformation of organic residues. The activity of enzymes is affected by many factors, for instance, the number and activity of soil microbiota, the physicochemical properties of soil, organic matter content, weather conditions during the growing season, incorporation of organic residues into the soil, and the farming system. Among the various groups of soil enzymes, catalase and proteases deserve special attention. Catalase activity associated with the content of organic carbon in the soil is used as an indicator of soil fertility. Soil proteases play a significant role in nitrogen mineralization. The goal of our study was to compare soil enzyme activity in short crop rotation under different fertilizer systems. Methods. Soil catalase activity was determined by gasometrical method. Soil protease activity was determined by the Romeiko method. Results. |Soil protease activity increased from the beginning to the end of vegetation, with the maximum catalase activity being observed approximately in the middle of the growing season of the studied crops. Protease and catalase activities of rhizosphere soils were higher than those of the bulk soil, probably due to higher activity of root-associated microbial communities. The highest indicators of enzymatic activity were recorded under biological fertilizer system. Conclusion. The biological system of crops fertilization of a short crop rotation ensures optimal conditions for the course of enzymatic processes, which, obviously, is a consequence of the activation of soil microbial communitiesItem Microbiota in the Rhizosphere of Cereal Crops(Microbiological Journal, 2021) Karpenko, V. P.; Poltoretskyi, S. P.; Liubych, V. V.; Adamenko, D. M.; Kravets, I. S.; Prytuliak, R. M.; Kravchenko, V. S.; Patyka, N.I.; Patyka, V. P.Today, spelt wheat grain is used to produce high quality food. Intermediate wheatgrass is a promising crop for prairie restoration. One of the elements of biologization is the influence of growing crops on the microbiota of soil rhizosphere. The microbiota of spelt wheat and intermediate wheatgrass soil rhizosphere remains insufficiently studied. Aim. To study the number of individual groups of microbiota in dynamics in the rhizosphere of cereal crops (spelt wheat, intermediate wheatgrass) depending on the weather conditions and the phase of plants development. Methods. Classical microbiological, statistical methods were used in the work. In particular, the study of the number of microorganisms of different ecological and trophic groups (ammonifying, nitrifying, cellulolytic and nitrogen-fixing) was carried out according to generally accepted methods in soil microbiology. The reliability of the influence of factors was determined by the probability value «р» level which was calculated using STATISTICA 8 program. Results. The amount of ammonifying and cellulolytic microorganisms in the soil rhizosphere of spelt wheat is significantly higher compared to soft wheat. The rhizosphere microbiota amount of the intermediate wheatgrass on the 2–3 year of cultivation was more resistant to adverse environmental factors compared to soft wheat. The soil rhizosphere microbiota did not change a lot depending on the phase of plant development during the vegetation period of cereal crops (spelt wheat, intermediate wheatgrass). Conclusions. The formation of rhizosphere microbiota of spelt wheat and intermediate wheatgrass was first analyzed under the conditions of the Right-Bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. The conducted studies indicate the feasibility of growing and use of spelt wheat in breeding programs to create cultivars of soft wheat with higher activity of rhizosphere microbiota. The number of ammonifying, nitrifying and cellulolytic microorganisms of soil rhizosphere of intermediate wheatgrass was significantly higher compared to soft wheat during all growth stages. The conducted studies confirm the practical application of intermediate wheatgrass to preserve and increase soil fertility. Intermediate wheatgrass can be grown for up to three years in one field, as microbiological activity reaches its maximum developmentItem Nutrition of winter intermediate crops depending on technological factors of cultivation(Москва, 2020) Svystunova, I. V.; Poltoretskyi, S. P.; Rak, О.V.; Voitsekhovskaya, E. V.; Kienko, Z. B.One of the main components of the successful management of the livestock industry is the use of traditional and less common forage crops in the feed conveyor links, different in the rate of green mass growth and balanced in the protein content. Annual fodder plants, including winter triticale, play a significant role in the system of such a conveyor. Field research was conducted at the Agronomic Research Station of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine on typical low-humus chernozems. The object of research was winter crops: wheat (control), rye (control) and triticale (early ripening variety AD44, mid-ripening variety Polissky 29, late ripening variety ADM 11), sown in five calendar dates. It has been established that sowing winter triticale at the most optimal time, in accordance with the biological requirements of varieties, allows not only to control the production process in crops, but also to control the quality and nutritional value of the fodder mass. Due to their properties to synthesize proteins and carbohydrates, an important zootechnical characteristic of plants is their ability to provide high foliage of the aboveground mass. Among the studied varieties of winter triticale, the maximum leafiness was provided by the variety Polisskiy 29–34.2–35.3 %. Depending on the time of sowing and variety, mowing the vegetative mass of triticale in the earing phase provides a yield of 3.22–8.23 t / hectare of feed units and 0.39–1.07 t / hectare of digestible protein. The supply of feed unit protein was 114–132 g / feed unitsItem The prospects of production of perennial grasses in Ukraine(Saarbrücken, Germany: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2021) Karpenko, V. P.; Poltoretskyi, S. P.; Liubych, V. V.Estimation of spelt wheat and the species of intermediate wheatgrass by the main agrobiological indicators (calendar dates of the beginning of the main phases of plant development, plant height dynamics, dry mass accumulation, grain yield and protein content) compared to soft wheat was done. The index of stability of grain yield formation was determined. The publication of scientists of Uman National University of Horticulture includes works in the field of studying the quality of grain and grain products of cereals. This book will be useful to crop breeders working on new varieties of wheat, agronomists growing this important food crop, bread industry specialists, scientific and teaching staff, postgraduates and students of agricultural specialties and experts.Item The prospects of production of perennial grasses in Ukraine(Germany, 2020) Karpenko, V. P.; Poltoretskyi, S. P.; Liubych, V. V.Any brand names and product names mentioned in this book are subject to trademark, brand or patent protection and are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. The use of brand names, product names, common names, trade names, product descriptions etc. even without a particular marking in this work is in no way to be construed to mean that such names may be regarded as unrestricted in respect of trademark and brand protection legislation and could thus be used by anyone.