Browsing by Author "Oleksandra Polunina"
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Item Grass species as a living mulch – Impact of sod and its weediness on apple trees(Acta Agrobotanica, 2023-10) Urszula Barbara Bałuszyńska; Andrii Chaploutskyi; Oleksandra Polunina; Liudmyla Slobodianyk; Maria Licznar-Małańczuke relationship between a cover of four grass living mulches in an apple orchard and the weed cover as well as its impact on the fruit tree yield, growth, and fruit quality was estimated at the Fruit Experimental Station of the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences in Wrocław (Poland). e experiment was established in a young orchard of ‘Chopin’ cv. apple trees graed on rootstock MM 106, i.e. one of the strongest semi-dwarf rootstock. One year aer, the tree planting soil was covered by blue fescue, red fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, and perennial ryegrass in tree rows and tractor alleys. e apple trees showed a similar degree of adaptation to the changing cultivation conditions in four different living mulches despite the varied share of the area covered by weeds. However, they did not avoid competition from different grass sods and their weediness, which was reflected in their low yield and low crop efficiency coefficient. e perennial species composition and the percentage share of the most common weeds differentiated the sod of the studied grasses. Among several perennial weed species, Trifolium repens L. was found to be the most competitive in all grass living mulches. e dynamic development of this species in time was stimulated by a rapid increase in precipitation in the orchard.e lowest soil surface cover by the total weeds was noted soon aer the perennial ryegrass emergence due to the rapid development of the grass. Red fescue spread the most efficiently among all the studied grasses, and its coverage allowed effective reduction of the presence of weeds. is cover crop also maintained high purity of grass sod, especially in the tree rows, until the end of the experiment period.Item Parameters of apple tree crowns depending on the crown shape and pruning time(Scientific Horizons, 2023) Andrii Chaploutskyi; Roman Yakovenko; Roman Butsyk; Oleksandra Polunina; Oleksandr ZabolotnyiThe apple tree is a leading fruit crop in Ukraine in terms of production volumes and planting areas and is a valuable food product with a high content of vitamins. In new modern plantings, fruit producers prefer intensive cultivation technologies that ensure the maximum amount of high-quality fruit yield per unit area. The main criterion for solving this problem is the design of plantings: a narrow-row scheme for planting trees and a low-volume crown shape. The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of the pruning period of different types of crown formations on the growth and productivity of apple trees of two varieties: Fuji and Honey Crisp. The study was conducted in the conditions of the central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Uman National University of Horticulture). The scheme of planting was 4x1 m, M.9 rootstock, chernozem sod-podzolic soil, drip irrigation. Field, statistical, and computational-analytical methodswere used in the course of the study. It was identified that the growth pattern of the examined varieties differed substantially, and crown volume, projection area, and development of the feeding area prevailed in Honey Crisp trees. However, in terms of productivity, the plantings of the Fuji variety substantially exceeded the values of the Honey Crisp variety. Forming a ballerina crown with the removal of overgrown wood in a 25 cm zone on the central trunk above the lower tier of semi-cellular branches provided an increase in the growth activity of the examined trees by 3-5%. A substantial decrease in the values of crown parameters was provided by the formation of the French axis crown – there was a decrease in the crown diameter by 44%, the crown volume – by 67%, and the crown projection area and the development of the feeding area – by 69%. Performing additional summer pruning of trees also helped to reduce growth activity by 6-11%. However, the specific productivity of plantings doubled in plantings with the formation of the French axis and by 45-50% with the introduction of double pruning of trees. It is recommended that agricultural producers investigate the terms of pruning low-volume crown forms, considering varietal characteristics, to create compacted apple stands and increase the intensification of productionItem The Effect of Fertilisation and Plant Care Practices on the Yield Structure of Black Currant(Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology, 2023-06-01) Oleksandra Polunina; Olha Sharapaniuk; Yurii Melnyk; Oleksandr Zabolotnyi; Andrii Cherneha; Viktoriia Voitovska; Ivan Mostoviak; Anna Lozinska; Vitalii PrykhodkoThe article is focused on the influence of fertilisation and plant care on the productivity of the black currant variety ‘Siuita Kyivska’. Black currant was planted on the Rodnikovka Experimental Farm of the Uman State Agrarian University. Better conditions for the development of such signs as the number of clusters per shrub and the length of a cluster were provided under the application of mineral fertilisation as a background and foliar application of fertiliser Riverm 5%, maintaining of interrow space as clean fallow and mulching plants in the row with straw. The best characteristics of clusters were obtained with N60P90K90 as background fertilisation. Foliar application of fertiliser Riverm 5% resulted in an increased (by 251.2−299.8) number of clusters per plant and longer (by 0.60−0.80 cm) clusters. A combination of clean fallow and application of Riverm 5% against the background of mineral fertilisation resulted in lower indicators of the fruit weight in a cluster compared to the control. This means that the yield structure of black currant under the effect of fertilisation and plant care changes towards an increase in the number of clusters, thereby reducing the number of fruits and the weight of fruits from one cluster. It was also found that foliar application of fertiliser Riverm 5% against the background of mineral fertilisation contrib- uted to an increase in the yield of black currant. In the treatment with clean fallow between rows and mulching plants in rows, application of fertiliser Riverm 3% or 5% against the background of mineral fertilisation N60P90K90, the yield of fruits was 13.1 t/ha.Item The Effect of Fertilisation and Plant Care Practices on the Yield Structure of Black Currant(Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology, 2023) Oleksandra Polunina; Olha Sharapaniuk; Yurii Melnyk; Oleksandr Zabolotnyi; Andrii Cherneha; Viktoriia Voitovska; Іvan Mostoviak; Anna Lozinska; Vitalii PrykhodkoThe article is focused on the influence of fertilisation and plant care on the productivity of the black currant variety ‘Siuita Kyivska’. Black currant was planted on the Rodnikovka Experimental Farm of the Uman State Agrarian University. Better conditions for the development of such signs as the number of clusters per shrub and the length of a cluster were provided under the application of mineral fertilisation as a background and foliar application of fertiliser Riverm 5%, maintaining of interrow space as clean fallow and mulching plants in the row with straw. The best characteristics of clusters were obtained with N60P90K90 as background fertilisation. Foliar application of fertiliser Riverm 5% resulted in an increased (by 251.2−299.8) number of clusters per plant and longer (by 0.60−0.80 cm) clusters. A combination of clean fallow and application of Riverm 5% against the background of mineral fertilisation resulted in lower indicators of the fruit weight in a cluster compared to the control. This means that the yield structure of black currant under the effect of fertilisation and plant care changes towards an increase in the number of clusters, thereby reducing the number of fruits and the weight of fruits from one cluster. It was also found that foliar application of fertiliser Riverm 5% against the background of mineral fertilisation contributed to an increase in the yield of black currant. In the treatment with clean fallow between rows and mulching plants in rows, application of fertiliser Riverm 3% or 5% against the background of mineral fertilisation N60P90K90, the yield of fruits was 13.1 t/ha.Item Вихід двопровідникових саджанців яблуні залежно від стимулювання кроноутворення(Матер. XII Міжнар. науково-практичної конф. «Goal and the role of world science in life», 2023-03-26) Олександра Полуніна; Oleksandra PoluninaНаведено результати досліджень впливу стимулювання кроноутворення на вихід і якість двопровідникових саджанців яблуні сорту ‘Голден Делішес’ на підщепі М.9, що проводили в умовах плодового розсадника НВВ Уманського НУС у 2019–2021 рр. Вставлено, що стимулювання кроноутворення хімічною двократною обробкою розчином бензиладеніну (0,18 %) і гібереліну А3 (0,18 %) сприяє максимальному зростанню виходу першого товарного сорту двопровідникових саджанців яблуніItem Методичні вказівки для виконання контрольної роботи з дисципліни «Прогресивні технології в розсадництві» студентами заочної форми навчання другого (магістерського) рівня вищої освіти зі спеціальності 203 «Садівництво(Уманський НУС, 2023) Олександра Полуніна; Роман Буцик; Oleksandra Polunina; Roman ButsykМетодичні вказівки будуть корисні студентам заочної форми навчання другого (магістерського) рівня вищої освіти зі спеціальності 203 «Садівництво, плодоовочівництво та виноградарство» під час виконання контрольної роботи з дисципліни «Прогресивні технології в розсадництві»Item Методичні вказівки для виконання контрольної роботи з дисципліни «Розсадництво» студентами заочної форми навчання першого (бакалаврського) рівня вищої освіти зі спеціальності 203 «Садівництво, плодоовочівництво та виноградарство»(Уманський НУС, 2023) Олександра Полуніна; Роман Буцик; Oleksandra Polunina; Roman ButsykМетодичні вказівки будуть корисні студентам заочної форми навчання першого (бакалаврського) рівня вищої освіти зі спеціальності 203 «Садівництво, плодоовочівництво та виноградарство» під час виконання контрольної роботи з дисципліни «Розсадництво»