Browsing by Author "Liubych V. V."

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    Black currant productivity formation as affected by the com-ponents of cultivation technology.
    (Plant Archives, 2021-03-19) Lozinska A. S.; Polunina O. V.; Sharapaniuk O. S.; Chaploutskyi A. M.; Melnyk Y. V.; Zabolotniy O. I.; Cherneha A. O; Voitovska V. I.; Liubych V. V.
    Studied in the experiment were the following components of cultivation technology for black currant: maintaining the soil between rows as black fallow or grassed; maintaining the rows as black fallow, mulched with straw or covered with polyethylene mulch film; foliar dressing in the budding stage with liquid suspended organic fertiliser Riverm at the concentrations of 1, 3 or 5% against the background of complete mineral fertiliser N60P90K90. According to the results of the research, it was found that the best growth and development of black currant plants was for maintaining the soil between rows as black fallow and maintaining the rows mulched with straw. Such practices activate the soil microbiota and facilitate the availability of nutrients to plants. Mulching with straw effectively protects against weeds, prevents damage to plants by tillage tools, and does not prevent rainfall from entering the soil. Accordingly, the best indicators of the maximum number of bunches of black currant (604) fruit number per bush (1315) were obtained in the treatment with maintaining the rows as black fallow and the use of fertiliser N 60P90 K90 (background) + Riverm 5 %. However, the highest fruit weight (1.66−1.74 g) was obtained in the treatment with maintaining the soil between rows as black fallow, the use of fertiliser background N60Р90K90 + Riverm 3 % or Riverm 5 %. In general, the use of mineral fertilisers along with foliar dressing using Riverm increased the fruit yield in the treatment with N60P90K90 + Riverm 3 % under maintaining the rows as black fallow and mulching the rows using the straw up to 13.44 t/ ha; for the use of Riverm 5 %, the fruit yield was 13.28 t/ha.
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    Starting material for breeding spring emmer (Triticum dicoccum Shrank.) of groats use
    (Agricultural Science and Practice, 2021) Vecherska L. A.; Liubych V. V.; Relina L. I.; Golik O. V.; Suchkova V.M.; Bohuslavskyi R. L.
    Aim. To explore sources of high groats properties among the genetic diversity of emmer and related species. Methods. Biochemical: The protein content was determined by Kjeldahl digestion; the starch content – by infrared spectroscopy. Technological: the vitreousness was determined by cutting 100 caryopses and expressed as percentages. The hull content, expressed in percent, was estimated as the ratio of hulled caryopses to the total of fully threshed ones. The gluten content and quality were assessed by manual washing-out. The hardness was determined on a YPD-300 hardness tester (Ltpm China) as the force in newtons required for caryopsis destruction. Emmer groats were obtained on a laboratory peeler UShZ-1. The groats properties were evaluated according to the method described in a utility model patent No. 129205. Statistical: the signifi cance of differences between accessions was assessed using the Mann-Whitney test for small samples with unknown distribution. Two-factor analysis of variance considered 2 factors – genotype and year conditions. Pearson’s test was used in the correlation analysis. The variability of traits was assessed by the coeffi cient of variation (CV). Results. The yields of emmer and durum wheat accessions and varieties as well as lines derived from emmer-wheat hybrids were measured and analyzed in 2016–2019. The yields of most emmer accessions (except for T. timopheevii) were similar to that of the check emmer variety Holikovska (286 ± 15 g/m2 ). The highest contents of protein and gluten were found in T. timopheevii (18.1 ± 0.4 % and 40.5 ± 1.8 %, respectively), Triticum durum Desf. var. falcatomelanopus Jakubz. & Filat. (17.5 ± ± 1.0 % and 40.4 ± 1.4 %), autochthonous variety Polba 3 (16.8 ± 0.1 % and 36.9 ± 1.1 %), and line 10–139 (14.8 ± 0.8 % and 29.0 ± 2.4 %). The gluten quality of most lines, derived from crossing spring emmer with durum wheat, corresponds to quality group I (good), and the gluten deformation index (GDI) is 50–75 units. T. timopheevii and T. durum var. falcatomelanopus were noticeable for vitreousness (99 ± 1 % and 75 ± 5 %, respectively). The grain hardness of the accessions under investigation varied from 151 ± 15 N in variety Romanivska to 286 ± ± 3 N in T. timopheevii. Lines 10–79 (255 ± 6 N), 10–65 (220 ± 10 N) and T. durum var. falcatomelanopus (268 ± 6 N) were characterized by high hardness, which exceeded that of durum wheat variety Spadshchyna (152 ± ± 13 N). High outputs of groats were intrinsic to line 10–139 (96.2 ± 0.8 %), line 10–79 (90.6 ± 0.8 %), T. timopheevii (92.0 ± 0.1 %), and durum wheat Spadshchyna (91.4 ± 0.5 %). All the studied accessions showed low variability (<10 %) of grain hardness. Conclusions. It was found that by the set of groats properties (groats output and cooking coeffi cient in combination with good palatability, aroma, consistency, and also easy threshing), breeding lines 10–79 and 10–139, which are recommended to submit to trials as sources of groats qualities, have been distinguished. T. timopheevii and T. durum var. falcatomelanopus can be used as stand-alone groats crops, but in this case, they need improvement via breeding in terms of agronomic characteristics.
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    The content of radioactive elements in the soil and soft winter wheat grain under a long-term use of fertilizers in the field crop rotation.
    (Уманський національний університет садівництва, 2023) Hospodarenko H. M.; Liubych V. V.; Oliinyk O. O.
    У статті наведено результати формування вмісту радіоактивних елементів у різних шарах ґрунтового профілю, в зерні пшениці м’якої озимої за тривалого внесення мінеральних добрив після різних рослинних попередників (конюшина, горох, кукурудза на силос). Встановлено, що при тривалому насиченні сівозміни N90P90K90 та N135P135K135 підвищується активність досліджуваних радіоактивних елементів у ґрунті та зерні пшениці м’якої озимої незалежно від попередника. У шарах ґрунту на глибині 20–40 і 40–60 см цей показник був значно нижчим порівняно з шаром 0–20 см.